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- 泵出现的故障、原因及解决方法
泵出现的故障、原因及解决方法
1.故障: 泵不吸水,压力表剧烈跳动。
原因: 灌注的引水不够。泵内积有空气。吸水管和表管漏气。
解决方法: 灌足引水。检查管路,排除漏气现象。
2.故障: 真空表指示高度真空,泵仍不吸水。
原因: 底阀没打开或严重堵塞。吸水管阻力大。吸上高度过高。
解决方法: 检查底阀活门灵活性,除掉堵塞物。尽量使吸水管路简单。降低吸水高度。
3.故障: 出口压力表指示有压力,泵出水很少或不出水。
原因: 出水管阻力大。转向不对。叶轮堵塞。转速不够。
解决方法: 降低管阻。检查电机转向。除去叶轮堵塞物。增加转速。
4.故障: 流量低于设计流量。
原因: 叶轮堵塞。密封环间隙磨损过大。转速不够。
解决方法: 除去堵塞物。更换密封环。增加转速至铭牌上的规定值。
5.故障: 泵消耗功率过大。
原因: 填料压得过紧,填料室发热。叶轮磨损。泵供水量过大。
解决方法: 放松填料压盖。更换叶轮。关小闸阀,减小流量。
6.故障: 泵内声音反常,泵不出水。
原因: 吸水管阻力过大。吸水高度过大。有空气进入吸水管。汲送液体的温度过高。
解决方法: 检查吸水管有无堵塞。清理底阀,降低液体温度或降低吸水高度。
7.故障: 水泵振动
原因: 泵轴与电机轴不同心。叶轮不平衡。轴承间隙过大。
解决方法: 调整泵和电机使轴线对准。叶轮通过平衡试验,不平衡重量要求在3克左右。更换轴承。
8.故障: 轴承发热
原因: 轴承缺油或油粘度太大影响润滑。轴承磨损间隙过大。泵与电机不同心。
解决方法: 加油。换好油或粘度小的油。更换轴承。调整泵和电机,保证同心。
9.故障: 噪声大
原因: 泵与电机安装不同心。泵或电机轴承磨损,产生跳动。
解决方法: 调整泵和电机,保证同心。更换新轴承。
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- 什么叫泵?
- 答:通常把提升液体,输送液体或使液体增加压力,即把原动的机械能变为液体能量的机器统称为泵。
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- 水泵维护与保养
水泵维护与保养
(1) 检查泵及管路及结合处有无松动现象。用手转动泵,试看泵是否灵活。
(2) 向轴承体内加入轴承润滑机油,观察油位应在油标的中心线处,润滑油应及时更换或补充。
(3) 拧下泵体的引水螺塞,灌注引水(或引浆)。
(4) 关好出水管路的闸阀和出口压力表及进口真空表。
(5) 点动电机,试看电机转向是否正确。
(6) 开动电机,当泵正常运转后,打开出口压力表和进口真空泵,视其显示出适当压力后,逐渐打开闸阀,同时检查电机负荷情况。
(7) 尽量控制泵的流量和扬程在标牌上注明的范围内,以保证泵在最高效率点运转,才能获得******的节能效果。
(8) 泵在运行过程中,轴承温度不能超过环境温度35C,最高温度不得超过80C 。
(9) 如发现泵有异常声音应立即停车检查原因。
(10)泵要停止使用时,先关闭闸阀、压力表,然后停止电机。
(11)泵在工作第一个月内,经100小时更换润滑油,以后每个500小时,换油一次。
(12)经常调整填料压盖,保证填料室内的滴漏情况正常(以成滴漏出为宜)
(13)定期检查轴套的磨损情况,磨损较大后应及时更换。
(14)泵在寒冬季节使用时,停车后,需将泵体下部放水螺塞拧开将介质放净防止冻裂。
(15)泵长期停用,需将泵全部拆开,擦干水分,将转动部位及结合处涂以油脂装好,妥善保存
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- 水泵的安装
水泵的安装
1、按装准备工作
(1)检查水泵和电机,确知在运输和装卸过程中没有损伤。
(2)检查工具和起重机械,并检查机器的基础。
2、水泵按装顺序
(1)整套水泵运抵现场时,都已装好电机;找平底座时,可不必卸下水泵和电机。
(2)按装泵的基础平面应用水平找平,待基础水泥凝固后将泵按装在基础上,并用水平仪检查水平情况,如不平,应用垫铁调正,直到水平为止,然后通过灌浆孔由混凝土浇灌底座和地脚螺栓孔眼。
(3)水泥干固后,检查底座和地脚螺栓是否松动,合适后拧紧地脚螺栓的螺母,最后再检查一下整台机组的水平度,稍有不平时,可用斜铁找平。
(4)泵的吸入管路和吐出管路应有各自的支架,不允许管路重量直接由泵承受。
(5)泵轴与电机旋转方向应一致,否则,以三相异步电动机为动力时,只要把三根引线中任意两根对换位置连接即可。
(6)泵的按装位置高于液面(泵的吸程允许范围内)时,应在吸入管路端部装上底阀,并在排水管路上设置灌液孔或阀门,供启动前灌液之用。泵的按装位置低于液面时,在吸入管路装上控制阀门。
(7)泵的按装高度必须根据汽蚀余量NPSHr的要求,避免发生汽蚀。
3、水泵拆卸
(1)拧下悬架体上的放油螺塞,放净润滑油,移开电机。
(2)松开泵体和轴承体的连接螺栓,将叶轮、轴封体、轴承体与泵体分离。
(3)松开叶轮螺母,取出叶轮和平件键。
(4)取出轴封体和密封部分,将机械密封的静环取出,填料密封的卸下填料盖取出填料即可。
(5)从轴上取下机械密封的转动部分和轴套,填料密封的取下轴套即可。
(6)拆下轴承体的支架及联轴器。
(7)拆下轴承压盖、甩水橡胶圈、泵轴及轴承。
4、水泵装配
4.1、泵的装配顺序基本上可以按照拆卸顺序反向进行。在按装机械密封时应注意几点:
(1)橡胶O型圈是否有损伤、溶胀现象,如有则必须更换。
(2)动、静环表面保持绝对清洁并涂少量机油。
4.2、填料密封按装时应注意:
(1)轴套外圆跳动不大于0.05mm。
(2)填料截取后,搭口成45,并且在按装前根据轴、的尺寸,将填料放在特制的模具中顶压整形。
(3)填料放入填料腔内,每圈填料的搭接处错开,在开车前需将填料压盖松开,转动后逐渐压紧。
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- 各类水泵名称中英文对照
各类水泵名称中英文对照
管道泵: pipeline mounted pump
管道屏蔽泵: pipeline canned motor pump
离心泵: centrifugal pump
螺杆泵: screw pump
多级泵: multistage pump
V型活塞泵: reciprocating pump with pistons in V-type arrangement
V型活塞泵: v-type piston pump
凹坑排水泵: sump pump
摆动泵: semi-rotary(wing) pump
摆动缸活塞泵: piston with shakeable cylinder
摆动滑片泵: swinging vane pump
摆阀式活塞泵: swing gate piston pump
摆线锣杠泵: cycloidal screwpump
半负荷泵〈主机〉: half load pump
半贯流式轴流泵:弯管轴流泵: angle-type axial flow pump
半开式叶轮离心泵: centrifugal pump with semien closed impellerpump
半可调式混流泵: mixed flow pump with blades adjustable when stationary
半可调式轴流泵: axial flow pump with blades adjustable when stationary
暴雨排水泵: storm water pump
备用泵: stand-by pump
备用循环泵: stand-by circulating pump
泵-水轮机: turbine pump
泵组: multi cell pump
比例泵: dosing pump
比例泵: proportioning pump
闭式旋涡泵: closed peripheralpump
闭式旋涡泵: vortex pump with shrouded impeller pump
闭式叶轮泵: pump with enclosed impellers
闭式叶轮离心泵: centrifugal pump with shrouded impeller
壁式泵: wall mounted pump
变量泵: variable capacity pump
变量泵: variable output pump
变量螺杆泵: variable capacity screw
变量喷射泵: variable area ratio jet pump
变速泵: variable speed pump
变行程往复泵: rocker arm pump
变形程往复泵: variable stroke reciprocating pump
标准泵: standard pump
表洗泵: surface wash pump
波纹管泵: bellowspump
玻璃泵: glass pump
不堵塞泵: chokelesspump
不堵塞泵: non-clog(-ging)pump
不堵塞泵: unchokeable pump
不锈钢泵: stainless steel pump
部分负荷泵(主机): partial load pump
仓底泵: bilgepump
舱壁泵: bulkhead mountedpump
草浆泵: straw pulp pump
侧流道泵: side channel pump
侧吸泵: side suction pump
差动活塞泵: differential pistonpump
柴油机驱动泵: dieaelpump
产品泵:物料泵: product pump
长喉管喷射泵: jet pump with long Venturi tube
长轴深井泵(美) multistage vertical turbine pump
长轴深井泵: borehole shaft driven(centrifugal)pump
超高压泵: super-pressure pump
超高真空泵: ultrahigh vacuum pump
超汽蚀泵: super cavitation pump
超声速泵: supersonic pump
沉积物泵: sediment pump
沉积物泵: thick sludge pump
衬胶泵: rubber lined pump
衬胶真空泵: rubber lined vaccum
衬青铜泵: bronze fittedpump
衬软胶泵: soft rubber lined pump
衬塑料泵: plastic lined pump
衬硬胶泵: dbonitepump
衬硬胶泵: hard rubber lined pump
成品泵: discharge pump
成品泵: final productpump
齿轮泵: gearpump
齿轮比例泵: adjustable discharge gear pump
齿轮比例泵: gear dosingpump
齿轮传动泵: gearedpump
冲洗泵: flushingpump
除氧化皮泵: descalingpump
除氧器供给泵: deaerator liftpump
除氧器循环泵: deaerator recirculatingpump
传导泵: conductionpump
船坞泵: dock pump
船用泵: marine pump
船用泵: ships pump
磁泵,磁感应驱动泵: megnectic pump
磁力联轴节齿轮泵: magnectically coupled gear pump
磁蠕动泵: megnectic fluid actuating pump
次摆线螺杆泵: trochoid screw pump
次摆线转子泵: trochoid rotor pump
粗糖泵:原液泵: raw liquor pump
带隔片的偏心转子泵: eccentric rotary pump with dividing platepump
带柔性环的偏心滚柱泵: eccentric rotary pump with elastic ringpump
单杠曲柄泵(美): single (power)pump
单杠曲柄泵(美): single power pump
单杠曲柄泵: simplex power pump
单杠往复泵: single cylinder (reciprocating) pump
单杠蒸汽直动泵(美): single (steam)pump
单杠蒸汽直动泵(美): single steam pump
单杠蒸汽直动泵: simplex steam pump
单列式柱塞泵: in-line pistonpump
单流道叶轮泵: single channel impeller pump
单螺杆泵: helical rotor pump
单螺杆泵: mono pump
单体泵: close coupledpump
单体斗式泵: monoblock scoop pump
单凸轮泵: single lobe pump
单吸泵: single entry pump
单吸泵: single stage pump
单吸泵: single suction pump
单向活塞泵: reciprocating pump with unidirectional piston
单叶轮多级泵: multistagepump with single impeller
单柱塞泵: single plunger pump
单作用滑片泵: single action vane pump
单作用滑片泵: single cell vane pump
单作用活塞泵: single action piston pump
弹性刮片泵: flexible vanepump
淡水泵: fresh waterpump
导流壳式多级泵: pump with bowl-type vaned casing
导页泵: diffuserpump
灯笼架固定泵: lantern mounted pump
灯笼架支承泵: lantern based pump
灯笼架支承泵: skirt mounted pump
低比转速泵: low specific speed pump
低负荷泵(主机): smalll load pump
低速泵: low-speed pump
低压泵: low pressure pump
低噪音泵: low sound level pump
底脚固定泵: foot mountedpump
底料泵,塔底液泵: bottomspump
底吸泵: bottom inletpump
底吸泵: bottom suctionpump
地区取热泵:分区供暖泵: district heating pump
地下室排水泵: cellar drainagepump
地下水排水泵: de-wateringpump
地下水排水泵: groundwater drainage pump
电厂泵: power station pump
电磁泵: electromagneticpump
电磁隔膜泵: electromagnetic diaphragmpump
电磁计量泵: electromagnetic meteringpump
电磁偶合泵: electromagnetically coupledpump
电磁喷射泵: electro-magnetic jetpump
电磁驱动泵: pump with cyclic electromagnetic drive
电磁式比例泵: electromagnetic proportioningpump
电动泵: electrically drivenpump
电动泵: motor driven pump
电动冲脉: electroimpuisepump
电动给水泵: electrically driven feedpump
电动潜水泵: electro-submersiblepump
电动潜水排水泵: electro-submersible drainagepump
电离真空泵: ionization vaccum pump
吊泵: sinking pump
顶端吸入泵: top inlet pump
顶端吸入泵: top suction pump
定压泵: constant pressurepump
动力往复泵:曲柄泵: power pump
斗轮水车:戽斗水车: wheel and bucket pump
斗式泵: scoop pump
斗式泵:皮托泵: pitot pump
端部密封式活塞泵: end-packed type pistonpump
短喉管喷射泵: jet pump with short Venturi tube
短棉绒泵: linters pump
对向活塞泵: reciprocating pump with counterrunning piston
对置活塞泵: oppesed piston pump
多齿轮泵: multiple gearpump
多出口泵: multi dischargepump
多缸曲柄泵: multi throw crankpump
多缸曲柄泵: multiplexpump
多缸曲柄泵: multiplexpump
多缸往复泵: multi cylinder(reciprocating)pump
多缸往复泵: multi throw(reciprocating)pump
多级喷射泵: multistage jet pump
多流道叶轮泵: multi channel impellerpump
多流式泵: multi flowpump
多螺杆泵: multi screwpump
多喷嘴喷射泵: multinozzle jetpump
多凸轮泵: multi lobepump
多用泵: multipurposepump
多柱塞泵: multi plungerpump
阀板式活塞泵(美): valve plate type piston pump
阀板式活塞泵: valve deck plate type piston pump
阀室式活塞泵: valve box type piston pump
阀箱式活塞泵(美): turret type piston pump
阀形活塞泵: valve type piston pump
法兰式电动机驱动泵: flanged motor drivenpump
法兰悬臂泵: flange mounteapump
法兰悬臂泵: flanged overhungpump
反应堆泵: reactor pump
方形螺杆泵: screw pump with square thread
纺丝泵: viscose spinning pump
非接触齿轮泵: contactless gearpump
非密闭式螺杆泵: non-hermetic screw pump
废纸浆泵: waste paper pulp pump
分段泵:径向剖分泵: radially split pump
分段式多级泵(美) multistage turbine pump
分段式多级泵: multistage segmental type pump
分段式多级泵: segmental type pump
分段式多级泵: stage casing pump
分置阀式活塞泵: side pot type piston pump
分置阀室式活塞泵: separate valve box type piston pump
分子泵: molecular pump
分子空气泵: molecular air pump
分子空气泵: molecular drag pump
粪便泵: fecalpump
粪便泵:分流泵: diverter pump
风车驱动泵: windmill (driven) pump
风动泵: pneumatic pump
风动活塞泵: air-powered piston pump
弗里昂泵: freonpump
伏辊断头纸浆泵: couch breakpump
浮船坞泵: floating dockpump
浮动泵: floatingpump
辅泵:辅助泵: auxiliary pump
辅扫仓泵:辅清仓泵: auxiliary stripping pump
腐泥引进泵:接种污泥泵: seed(ing)sludge pump
附属泵: attached pump
干船坞泵: drg dock pump
干坑泵: dry pit pump
干坑泵: dry sump pump
干式真空泵: dry vacuum pump
干式自吸泵: dry self-priming pump
杆式泵: rocking arm pump
杆式泵: walking beam pump
感应泵: inductionpump
缸体旋转式径向活塞泵: rotary-block radial pump
高比转速泵: higher specific speed pump
高峰负荷泵: peak load pump
高速泵: high speed pump
高速离心泵: high speed centrifugal pump
高速叶片泵: high speed rotodynamic pump
高速叶片泵: high speed turbo pump
高温泵: high temperature pump
高压泵: high pressure pump
高压加热器疏水泵: high pressure heater drains pump
隔膜泵: diaphragmpump
隔膜泵: disc pump
隔膜活塞泵: diaphragm pistonpump
隔膜式计量泵: diaphragm meteringpump
隔膜柱塞泵: diaphragm plungerpump
给料泵: chargepump
给料泵: feedpump
工程用泵: building site pump
工程用泵: contractor’spump
供水泵: water conveying pump
供水泵: water supply pump
汞(蒸汽)泵: mercury air pump
汞扩散泵: mercury diffusion pump
汞喷射泵: mercury ejector pump
汞蒸汽喷射泵: mercury vapour jet pump
汞蒸汽喷射泵: mercury(vapour)jet pump
固定刚体泵: pump with nonrotating cylinder
固定式泵: stationary pump
固体输送泵: pump for water -borne solids
固体输送泵: solid (handling)pump
管流泵:直管轴流泵: tubular type axial flow pump
轴流管道泵 axial flow piping pump
管式深井泵: tubewell pump
管网泵: pump for pipe system
惯性脉冲泵: inertia impulsepump
惯性无曲柄泵: inertia crankiesspump
灌溉泵: irrigation pump
罐柜抽泄泵: tank drainage pump
滚轮泵: roller pump
锅炉给水泵: BFW pump
锅炉给水泵: boiler feedpump
锅炉回水循环泵: boiler return circulatingpump
锅炉酸洗泵: pump for acid washing of boiler
过滤泵: filterpump
海水泵: sea water pump
焊接管道泵: pipeline mounted pump with welded connections
航空用泵: aviation pump
合金泵: alloy pump
合金钢泵: alloy steel pump
恒定轴向间隙齿轮泵: fixed axial clearance gearpump
恒速度: constant speedpump
横倾平衡泵: heeling pump
滑阀式回转活塞泵: rotaru piston pump with slide gate !pump
滑阀型转子泵: eccentric rotary pump with sliding sleeve
滑履式泵: slipper pump
滑片泵: sliding vane pump
滑片真空泵: sliding vane vacuum pump
滑油泵: lubricating oil pump
滑脂泵: grease pump
化工用泵: chemicalpump
化学纸浆泵: chemical pulppump
化学纸浆泵: chemical stockpump
环壳泵: annular casing pump
环壳泵: circular casingpump
环氧树脂泵: epoxide resinpump
灰渣泵: ash pump
回流泵: reflux pump
回流泵: top return pump
回流污泥泵: return sludge pump
回水泵: backwaterpump
回转泵: rotary pump
回转滑阀活塞泵: piston pump with rotary gate
回转滑片泵: rolling vane pump
回转容积泵: positive rotary pump
回转式滑片泵: rotary vane pump
回转式滑片泵: rotating vane pump
回转式活塞泵: rotary piston pump
回转式计量泵: rotary meterring pump
回转式容积泵: rotary-displacement pump
回转式叶片真空泵: rotary vane vaccum pump
回转式真空泵: rotary vaccum pump
回转式柱塞泵: rotary plunger pump
混合型自吸泵: self-priming pump with recirculation
混料泵: contactor pump
混料泵: mixing pump
混流泵: mixed flow pump
混流泵: semi-axial flow pump
混凝土泵: cement grout pump
混凝土泵: cementationpump
混凝土泵: concretepump
混凝土涡壳泵: concrete volutepump
活塞泵: piston pump
活塞隔膜泵: piston diaphragm pump
活塞计量泵: piston metering pump
活性污泥泵 activated sludge pump
活性污泥泵: biological sludgepump
货油泵: cargo oilpump
机械密封泵: pump with mechanical seal
机械木浆泵: groundwood stock pump
机械木浆泵: mechanical wood pulp pump
机械驱动泵: mechanically driven pump
基本负荷泵: base loadpump
基坑排水泵: trench pump
计量泵: metering pump
加硼泵: boron additionpump
加热器给水泵: heater lift pump
加油站泵: petrol station pump
加油站泵:配料泵: dispensing pump
夹装泵: bung mountedpump
家用供水泵: domestic water supply pump
甲板泵: board pump
甲板泵: deckpump
甲板冲洗泵: deck washpump
尖舱泵: forepeakpump
减摇泵: anti-roll pump
渐开线摆线螺杆泵: involute cycloidal screw pump
浆液泵: slurry pump
浆液泵:污泥液泵 sludge liquor pump
脚踏泵: footpump
铰接盖式泵: hinged cover pump
铰链滑片泵: articulated vane pump
接力泵: boostpump
接力泵: feederpump
径流泵: radial flow (centrifugal)pump
径向活塞泵: radial piston pump
径向活塞泵: radial plunger pump
径向旋转活塞泵: rolling piston radial pump
救助泵: salvage pump
矩形螺杆泵: square thread screw pump
开式旋涡泵: vortex pump with open impeller
开式叶轮离心泵: centrifugal pump with open impellerpump
铠装泵: armoured pump
可变磁阻电动机泵: variable reluctance motor pump
可调隔膜泵: adjustable diaphragm pump
可调式混流泵: mixed flow pump with adjustable or variable pitch blades
可调式混流泵: semi-axial flow pump with adjustable or variable pitch blades
可调式轴流泵: axial flow pump with adjustable pitch blades
可调式轴流泵: propeller pump with adjustable or variable pitch blades
可调叶片离心泵: pivotal vane centrifugal pump
可逆泵: reversible pump
可逆式螺杆泵: reversible screw pump
可逆叶片轴流泵: axial flowpump with reversible blades
可逆叶片轴流泵: propeller pump with reversible blades ,
可携式屏蔽电泵: portable canned motor pump
可移式泵: mobile pump
可移式泵: portable pump
可移式泵: transportable pump
可移式消防用泵: portable fire (fighting)pump
控制水位用泵: level control
库存泵:备用泵: spare pump
矿井泵: pit pump
矿井泵: shaft pump
矿井工作面泵: coal facepump
矿井排水泵: mine drainage pump
矿井筒袋泵: pit barrel pump
矿用泵: mine pump
扩散真空泵: diffusion vaccumpump
冷冻装置用无轴封泵: glandless pump for refrigerating installation
冷剂泵: collantpump
冷剂泵: coolantpump
冷剂泵: cooling mediumpump
冷煤泵: refrigerating medium pump
冷凝泵: condensate extractionpump
冷凝泵: condensatepump
冷凝泵: hot-well pump
冷凝泵:热井泵:冷凝水箱泵: hot well pump
冷却乳剂泵:肥皂液泵: sudspump
冷却水泵: cooling waterpump
冷套泵: jacketed pump 〈cooled〉
离心机出料泵: centrifugal run-offpump
离心喷射泵: centrifugal-jetpump
离心-旋涡泵: centrifugal-peripheral pump
离心-旋涡泵: centrifugal-turbinepump
离子泵: ion〈ization〉pump
理想泵: idealized pump
立式泵: vertical pump
立式框架固定泵: vertical frame mounted pump
立式流程泵: vertical process pump
立式筒袋泵: vertical barrel pump
沥青泵: bitumenpump
炼油厂泵: oil refinery pump
链传动泵: chain drivepump